Perambulator and the like



July 28, 1931. E. V1'. MoRRlss PERAMBULATOR AND THE LIKE Filed Feb; 2, 192s 3 Sheets-Sheet l llllllllllll :l

1 r r .l ..uwlww l- July 28 1931,

EL QI". MORRISSl PERAMBULATOR AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 26, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Invenor.- 7.

` 'rnomrson nron-aissgf orA WLETCHWG'RTEENGLAND i ".and to similarvehicles@ i 5 `rvinglranie ror'chassis, to tInou'nt the' body relastically,Y to render'. the-*vehicle self-steering,

kand yto provide 'a simpley durable andv inexpensive construction. Y

n rfeAccOrdi g to the invention, rthe axles'arey 10 carried Within massive bearlngfblocksrof an elastic fsubstancesuch as spongy vulcanized `india-rubber, in such Inannerithat While the faxles vunder road shock7 'are-v adapted: to move vertically `and horizontally :against the elastic resistance'gotthe bearing blocks, the axles may y adapt themselves in'position under pressure from the liandle-'banf'vvhereby Ithe vehicle is 1 f renderedself-steering, lin' alrrnanner siiiilar "toa bath-chair having a loosely ,pivotedfront `gowheeh Thus the rbody is Qelastically zmounted uponthe axles, :so 4that a substantial amount i. ofjl'ilay vertically andfhorizontally is permit- "the .bearing blocks. l

y xte'dto the :axles under the elastic resistanceof '15 The bearingb'locks secured pairs' one on eachside iWithin` the'body, l-uh-ereby the axleslthuspass-directly through thebody, and'fthebojdy isthus mountedupon j j kthe axles Without anyseparate-ca-rry1nkgframe or chassis. f

. e-'Ihefinvention comprises'the ea'tures which A 1are'hereinafterdescribed."u y ,y Y i v[I he invention -is illustratedlby wayfof; ex-

empl@ :in which n, v f .A ST1 Figure l isa sideviewof perainbulator constructed according y'to'the' invention, one :of ythe wheelsofvvhichis shown' removed. g

'i Figure 2 is anendfviewfpartlyinfsection, 4;,91 corresponding to lFfrl'gure'l. 'f

` f f `{'Figuref'?) isa detail ew', partlyiin section,

y shovvinga massive-elasticbearing block'in position, and Figure .4 shows acorresponding side viewo the'bearingblock separately.' 1

l 1 i 'fFi'gure'f is fasectional side. elevation of a constructional modificationand'Figur-e 6is a elevation correcorresponding? detail side spending thereto. 551;. u i e y f In .carrying 5th-e @invention finto reffect acv pplication u*filed,"Feb'ruaryy 26, 1925,' Serial No.

trede externallyethrough the respective holeJ or aperture..gsY i: L. "Theiebearing blocks are set in position in the i L accompanying f .iin l :,Icordngto one modification illust-ratedne-Fig- Aun Tira LIKE 'uresgla 2, 3 andf, l yprovide a perambulator y e body d, constructed frointhree-.ply Wood'or 5 The invention hasainong its objects, While l avoiding the necessary use of. al separate'carothergsuitable material of construction, and

-at ojr neareach `end ofV the sideefi'valls of the i bodyy nearthe bottom I provi-de a pairof op- 5, e

P, Sitelydisposedfholes or apertures throughr e yo'lf theserespective holes or apertures a block (l of-'elastic substance ofthe character 'of `india-rubber isv niounted,' and veachA of `the .g5 f

blocks isfadvantageously provided Withan f outwardly protruding-part (l1 'which is adaptf-eflolllhfblock being setinto position, to bro! alignment in pairsand thel `bearing yblocks `may' be of such-dimensions as :to rest on'thel Y l i y .bottom alsof thebody a.. I have found'bearyingblocks .cl ofthe shape illustrated in Fig- T5 ures 3 and l,`1nade of vulcanized spongy ui'ndia-r'ubber of'good quality, of Qlginhes high,f2inchesbroadand 11/2 inches Wide, with a transverse hole for the axlelnear the lower 1 end of' eachblockyto give goodfresults for a -perainbulator'ota standard size, the hole be- "ingadvantageou'sly sodisposed that when the bearing block is setv in position; the hole for ftherv axlelies below the middleof theadjacent :larger aperture 'or hole in the indicated in Figurcsl to 4.-

. I, Each of the bearing blocks Z'lnay be secured; f`

f orenclosedin position on the bodyv` by suitable 'y 7 HIGPLDSyas, iorexaniple,.by `asubstantially l ,.U-'sha'pe`d littingfe: `i'lhis fitting e may corre FSG-j spend; generally inshape -With'the shape'ol. j the block' Z and n'iay vbe suitably and irmlyrv l ysecured tothe side Wall and the bottolnfof the ybo'dyfto enclose or to confine the blocli',y and 'A' this may be effected in the useof Wood' screvv's i 35 -orinlany other eliective way; and on theside opposite that facing the adjacent side Wall fthe li-tti-ng @may be provided With an inwardly diverted flange 'indicated in FigurefZg bydotted lines at el, butanyQtheI. Suitable im v side wall as 53* means-may be'provided to securev the respectiveYbl-ocl'rs, in positionadjacent the respec- Vtive holes-or'r apertures' in the body.

l Any suitable means may be provided'to ensureagainst rotation and axial displacement Y o'f'the axlesfc.v VFor example, the centre part of the axle in position between the` pair 'of bloclrscl may have mounted' upon it a tubu- V 'lar sleeve advantaeeouslv formed witha yliange f1 at its respective ends bearing upon the inner aceof the respective blocks d, and

this tubular sleeve f may be secured in position upon the axl-e c by such means as a cotterl les illustrated in Figuresgl to 3 'strips-koi ply-wood,z metal-*or other material 'may Vbe'applied at the respective sidewalls of the bodyl a" by means of nails and screws or otherwise, inA position adjacent the apertures v provided-K` in the sidewalls for the reception of theY elastic blocks ai, the strips 'It being-of a Vshape corresponding itc' the apertures, and

having their inner edges extending inwardly tofformY an apertureJ otslightly restricted,

height and width for the reception Voit the outwardly protruding part d1 of the resp-ectiveb'loclr d. By'such means each ofthe Y backs c Wha@ being aaaV in position on am inner side'by means of t-he'llan'ge el or by the sleeve for' otherwise, is held at the outer side by the inwardly-extending edgeof the strip L. Between the respective road-A wheels "i,

mounted at the outwardly'protruding'ends ofthe axle c, andtherespectve'adjacent'elastic bearing blocks' el, a short sleeve j'may be interposed "as-illustratedijn Figure 2. VThe ends of therespec'tive axleslcmay be Screwthreaded orother'wise provided for the receptionof a nut'f or other'means for retaininglthe road'wheels z' 1n position upon the ,axles Y t Y I The lhandle o may be securedto the body Viat one end in any convenient way such as illustrated in Figuresl and 2.

t It .will be lunderstood that the bearing blocks d may be provided of any suitable Vform and dimensions, and that instead of being provided as massive blo'cksof spongy t i or other india-rubber they may be provided with cavities and that such blocks maybev adaptedto be filled with air under pressure; .o that the'bearing blocks may be secured in position by any suitable means, that instead Vof being mounted withinthe body a they may be'mounted exterior to orv beneath the body,l

f and that instead of being provided assingle fintegral blocks theymay'be provided of dif- `V`ferent substances, for example, ythey may be Y provided with separate sleeves or bushes through which the axle passes, the sleeve'V or bush being of a different substance to that of the mainv part of the bearing block through .composite layers orl part-s; l'Itw-ill furthermorebe understood that any which it passes; or they may be Vprovided of such dii-nension'sv that other means than describedmay be used for preventing the rotation and axial displacevment ofthe axles c with reference to the body and the bearing blocks.` For example, recesses of a square'or othernon-circular shape may be provided atfthe inner faces of the respective'bearing blocksd in'suc'h position that bosses or' collars of square or other non-circular shape upon the axle mayenter, whereby the axle is thus held against rotation by the bearing blocks. It will moreover be underrstood that the axles may be provided of any desired and suitable solid or tubular crosssection, and: that they maybe provided with cranked ends, or in one piece or inconnec'ted lengths, but that it is preferred, as illustrated, to provide the axles. of solidfstr'aight rods of circular cross-section andfthat the axles may be formedvwitli or havermo'unted upon them,

finsid'e, andthis ledge is horizontally disposed and'niay extend round. the bodyy on theinside or' as illustratedlthe' ledges: are disposed at opposite. side'sonly.. The. respective Seats a at theends beupholsteredjL and provided of a shape-.corresponding tothe shapeV ofthe body at the ends, and each'4 seatnfis-V convenientlyproifid'ed'y beneath .with -fourbloclis or v bufersfo', twoat the rear and two in front,or b

any other lnumber may? be employed, the blocksor buliers o' being so disposed -andiof they are `support-ed n the ledge referred to. 5 I

` The'bloeks or V'butl'ers '01 may be' provided of vulcanized spongy rubber asv the massive bearingv blocls, but they are preferably providedffof suchaspongyrubber on the inside and, of ordinary solidl rubber on the outside. f Altthe upper part each bul'ler orl block o is providedV with Van integral studror projecting part: o1 'connected to the' main part of the yblock o by .a narrow neck..1 TheV buffers or blocls'o are thus adapted so that they may 'v be secured-to the seat n.Vbycausing` the 'studs o"r projectingv parts alto-pass through holes providedfor ltheir reception-"in the seat, each stud being thrust through the narrower hole 'in the seat and extending out on its protrusion', whereby theY studsl arein a simplev or Veffective way secured-or retained in'position beneath the seat a.' A 'I t'will be understood that by thle'provision of the'se'atsl.-av at the respective endsa' central Ill@ space ,isfavailable,y butfanother seat lnsimilarly pfrovi ded beneath-with buffers or blocks o may besimilarly 'supportedon the'op'posite- -ly disposed 'lateral `ledges m, whereby the perambulat'oris adaptedfor the accommodation. of an yinfant in a lyingposture. g Fur-vvv thermore, the seats ,are loosely mounted and# to requirements-, l y Y f f In, carrying'the lnventioninto effect acthus one or a numberfinay be used according j kcording to the modifications illustrated rkin Figures 5 and 6, the axles c at thepositions at Which they traverse the' bearing blocks d,

have sleeves pmounted-therein, anda Washer g mounted yupon each of thesleeves'in position beside the innerv` face `*of the lbearing lblock alg-'bandl eachfvvasher is maintained inv position by meansof a lcotter lpin g1. By such' y mea-nsY the axles are in'na'simple Way held from axial displacement'. i Thel respective ends` of the-axles c areadvantageously reduced and a collar 1f may be applied at eachend in positions between theoutwardly protruding end v of the'sleeve p Y and the inner end of the hub of thewheels z'. c, w A

f ,In the constructiony illustratedgin Figures zfand 6, each of the ttingse by Whichk the Y f bearing block ycl is held in'position, isxprovided at yits upperfpart vvith any inwardly extending-flange ell at lits upper part and with e, outwardlyextending.flangesetat` its lower rpart, which engage b eneat y a pair of vertical memberssixedlyksecured attheir ends to the bottom al of the body andthe ledge m.

By such means the block is simply and securef ly mounted ,inV ypositiontvithin the body,4

In the construction illustrated in Figures 5 Aand 6, simple'means are,Y indicatedl for'preventin'gthe rotation of the Vaxles @,consisting offasingle rodt bent atits lrespective ends and?y passing through. diametric holes pro- -fvide'dfinalignment in the respective axles.

MI claim: Y

f 1. InV perambulators similar. vehicles 4"inf combination, ak body in Whose side Walls' yapertures are provided in opposite position7 in pairs, massive elastic'bearing blocks-within Hthe said body adaptedto absorb road shock,

e lfor preventing the rotation ofthe said axles Vcomprising ak rod passing in amiddle position transversely'. through 'the respective nieansfi'or,mounting saidbearing blocks'fin i yI y positions"l adjacentk ktofthe said apertures', Wheel axles passingthroughsaid bearing blocks, the said Wheel-axles being independently movable under roadshock;` andmeans axles, substantially as described.

vertical movement of the road wheels and and secured Within the said body in opposite and coincident positions respectively adjacentto the said apertures, 'and two Wheel axles passing through the said body and respectively through the ymassive elasticbearing blocks of each pair, the said Wheel axles being lindependently movable under road shock to the-extent permitted by the sub- 9 Y 'i y Ystance of which the said bearing blocks are formed and by the dimensions of the said bearing blocks in the line of `support ofthe load by the said axles, substantially as here- Y inbefore described.

"3. 'In perambulators and similar vehicles in combination ythe body invvhose side Walls two pairs of apertures are providedfin oppo-y site positions, two pairs of massive elastic bearing blocks Within the saidy body of a substance 'and form by which the 'said blocks are adapted to yield to a considerable extent Within the limit` of elasticity of the said substance on lvertical movement of the'road Wheels and axles under road shock, the said bearing blocks having holes passing'transversely therethrough in positions determined to yield a substantial dimension of the-said blocks in the line'of support of the load, means by Which thesaid y bearing blocks are mounted and-secured Withf in the said body in opposite andV coincidentv positions-respectively adjacent to the said4 apertures and tWo Wheel axles passing through the lsaid bodyand respectively through the massive elastic bearing blocks of each pair,

y the said Wheel axlesbeingindependently movable under road shock to the extent permitted by ther substance of which the said bearing i blocks are formed and by the dimensions of n the said bearing blocks in theline of support of the load by the said axles, Wheels journaled on the axles, and means, for prey y i venting-*endwise movement and rotation of the axles, substantially as described.

, h 2. In perambulatorsandsimilar vehicles in fr combination the body inA Whose side Walls two 'pairs' of aperturesjare provided inopposite l j positions, tvvo'pairsof massive elasticV bearing blocks Withinl the said body of a substancer and form by Whichthe said blocks are adapted c 1 to yield to a 'considerableextent Withinthe fr ,y 'limit of elasticity ofthev'said substance l on EDWARD THoMrsoN' Moiamss.y y 

